我最近收聽了NPR (美國全國公共廣播電台)有關經濟討論的podcast叫「THE INDICATOR FROM PLANET MONEY」,(更多的英文podcast介紹請參考10個不藏私的英文Podcast 推薦 (上) 和10個不藏私的英文Podcast 推薦 (下))。有一集說到「Grateful For Taxes」,內容在討論希臘人為什麼那麼交稅的神奇現象。
這集podcast只有短短10分鐘,語速不快,提供相關podcast和文字稿連結給大家參考:
https://www.npr.org/transcripts/974881298
本集內容
現代人都討厭繳稅,但西元前4或5世紀的希臘有錢人卻喜歡繳稅,這個podcast解釋了為什麼希臘有錢人喜歡繳稅。
首先,希臘的糧食和軍艦都需要大量的金錢支持,而希臘稅賦收入主要來自港口貨物進出口的課稅,因為那時的希臘可是很國際化的,希臘也會租出銀礦給私人企業家來收稅,或是借由民事訴訟案件來收費,甚至對風俗行業也課稅。
另一個有趣的希臘稅賦收入,就是由1%的富人來支付,金額會高達6000日的工資,但有錢人還是很樂意支付,並且以此為榮。事實上,繳稅的有錢人會得到實質上利益,例如得到較高的社會地位,在訴訟案件,可以主張因為付稅,所以有高尚的品德來脫罪,而這種高尚的社會地位可是在一般市場上買不到的。
最後寫這篇文章的經濟學者提出,希臘的富人稅,除了有利於服務國家及公益,也同時為個人帶來了不少私利。其實有利公益和個人利益應同時存在,這樣才能長期繁榮。
聽完了這個podcast,個人覺得如果有錢人能用交稅來換得高貴社會地位,因此而不受法律制裁,應該會更加劇貧富差距吧?!
相關單字摘錄
☑liturgy禮拜儀式
☑provision食物;糧食
☑trireme (古希臘)有三列槳座的戰船
☑warship軍艦;艦艇
These individuals were expected to pay the entire cost of provisioning , and fully equipping a trireme warship for an entire year.
you've been sweating, laboring over your taxes night and day. 俯身工作
☑in principle原則上;大體上; 基本上
☑taxes are dodged n.託詞,(推託的)妙計/v閃避
☑tax loopholes(法律等的)漏洞
☑brag about 自誇
Athenian citizens weren't just willing to pay but kind of liked to brag about paying.
☑Take pride in引以為榮
they took pride in it
☑I came across a piece he wrote about taxes偶然發現;碰見;無意中發現
☑robust結實的
☑infrastructure公共建設
☑fortification築壘[U];防禦工事[P]
Athens had developed a pretty robust infrastructure for the time with large ☑fortification walls to protect them from enemy attacks
☑streams 管道
they paid for it through a variety of income streams
☑put in提交; 提出
they also put in fines as the penalties for losing in lots of civil cases
☑sunk cost. 沉沒成本/付出且不可收回的成本
☑a negative externality外在性;客觀性
☑in the often contentious society愛爭論的;
☑non-authoritarian direct democracy. 獨裁主義的
☑takeaway重點
there was one thing that you would recommend as a takeaway from the Athenian city-state for us to pick up on today in the United States
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